We have now to consider the effect of the sacraments. First of their principal effect, which is grace; secondly, of their secondary effect, which is a character. Concerning the first there are six points of inquiry:

A[1] Whether the sacraments of the New Law are the cause of grace?

A[2] Whether sacramental grace confers anything in addition to the grace of the virtues and gifts?

A[3] Whether the sacraments contain grace?

A[4] Whether there is any power in them for the causing of grace?

A[5] Whether the sacraments derive this power from Christ's Passion?

A[6] Whether the sacraments of the Old Law caused grace?