We must now consider the parts of justice; (1) the subjective parts, which are the species of justice, i. e. distributive and commutative justice; (2) the quasi-integral parts; (3) the quasi-potential parts, i. e. the virtues connected with justice. The first consideration will be twofold: (1) The parts of justice; (2) their opposite vices. And since restitution would seem to be an act of commutative justice, we must consider (1) the distinction between commutative and distributive justice; (2) restitution.

Under the first head there are four points of inquiry:

A[1] Whether there are two species of justice, viz. distributive and commutative?

A[2] Whether in either case the mean is take in the same way?

A[3] Whether their matter is uniform or manifold?

A[4] Whether in any of these species the just is the same as counter-passion?